Conservation charity Plantlife warns that it could become extinct in 50 years.
One of only three native conifers in Britain, not only does juniper face a deadly fungal disease (Phytophthora austrocedrae), it has also disappeared from over a third of Britain, where it was previously found.
Plantlife Scotland is now working with the Forestry Commission and Scottish Natural Heritage to find out exactly how the juniper population in Scotland has been affected.
The decline of juniper in Scotland has been due to a combination of ageing bushes (many are over a century old, so producing fewer viable seeds), under-grazing (which prevents germination and suppresses seedlings) and locally booming rabbit and vole populations (which are voracious consumers of young plants).
Plantlife Scotland is calling on people to take part in a new survey which will help determine the health of the ancient juniper bush.
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